Ultra-fast single-photon detectors with high current density and operating temperature can benefit space and ground applications, including quantum optical communication systems, lightweight cryogenics for space crafts, and medical use. Here we demonstrate magnesium diboride (MgB2) thin-film superconducting microwires capable of single-photon detection at 1.55 µm optical wavelength. We used helium ions to alter the properties of MgB2, resulting in microwire-based detectors exhibiting single-photon sensitivity across a broad temperature range of up to 20 K, and detection efficiency saturation for 1 µm wide microwires at 3.7 K. Linearity of detection rate vs incident power was preserved up to at least 100 Mcps. Despite the large active area of up to 400 × 400 µm2, the reset time was found to be as low as ~ 1 ns. Our research provides possibilities for breaking the operating temperature limit and maximum single-pixel count rate, expanding the detector area, and raises inquiries about the fundamental mechanisms of single-photon detection in high-critical-temperature superconductors.
PURPOSE: The value of preoperative multidisciplinary approach remains inadequately delineated in forecasting postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Herein, we aimed to ascertain the efficacy of multi-modality cardiac imaging in predicting post-CABG cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Patients with triple coronary artery disease underwent cardiac sodium [18F]fluoride ([18F]NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), coronary angiography, and CT-based coronary artery calcium scoring before CABG. The maximum coronary [18F]NaF activity (target-to-blood ratio [TBR]max) and the global coronary [18F]NaF activity (TBRglobal) was determined. The primary endpoint was perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) within 7-day post-CABG. Secondary endpoint included major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and recurrent angina. RESULTS: This prospective observational study examined 101 patients for a median of 40 months (interquartile range: 19-47 months). Both TBRmax (odds ratio [OR] = 1.445; p = 0.011) and TBRglobal (OR = 1.797; P = 0.018) were significant predictors of PMI. TBRmax>3.0 (area under the curve [AUC], 0.65; sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 56.8%; p = 0.036) increased PMI risk by 3.661-fold, independent of external confounders. Kaplan-Meier test revealed a decrease in MACCE survival rate concomitant with an escalating TBRmax. TBRmax>3.6 (AUC, 0.70; sensitivity, 76.9%; specificity, 73.9%; p = 0.017) increased MACCEs risk by 5.520-fold. Both TBRmax (hazard ratio [HR], 1.298; p = 0.004) and TBRglobal (HR = 1.335; p = 0.011) were significantly correlated with recurrent angina. No significant associations were found between CAC and SYNTAX scores and between PMI occurrence and long-term MACCEs. CONCLUSION: Quantification of coronary microcalcification activity via [18F]NaF PET displayed a strong ability to predict early and long-term post-CABG cardiovascular outcomes, thereby outperforming conventional metrics of coronary macrocalcification burden and stenosis severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Committee (number: ChiCTR1900022527; URL: www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=37933 ).
RATIONALE: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1) plays a pivotal role in promoting hepatic fibrosis, pirfenidone (PFD) could inhibit TGF-ß1 signaling pathway to alleviate hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation mediated hepatic fibrosis. The targeting delivery strategy of PFD to hepatic stellate cells is a challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived membranous particles are intraluminal nano-vesicles that play a vital role in intercellular communication, they also be considered as an ideal nano-carrier. METHODS: In this study, we developed a target strategy to deliver PFD to HSC with CD44 over-expression by EVs, hyaluronic acid (HA) modified DSPE-PEG2000 endows the active targeting ability of activated HSCs to PFD-loaded EVs. RESULTS: In both rat hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6 and rat hepatocyte cell line BRL, HA@EVs-PFD demonstrated the capacity to down-regulate the expression of collagen-synthesis-related proteins and showed superior inhibition efficacy of HSC-T6 activation compared to free PFD. In hepatic fibrosis model, 4 weeks of HA@EVs-PFD treatment resulted in a reduction in liver collagen fibers, significant improvement in hepatic cell morphology, and amelioration of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: HA@EVs-PFD, as a drug delivery system that effectively targets and inhibits activated HSCs to treat hepatic fibrosis, holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE: People who sustain joint injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture often develop post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). In human patients, ACL injuries are often treated with ACL reconstruction. However, it is still unclear how effective joint restabilization is for reducing the progression of PTOA. The goal of this study was to determine how surgical restabilization of a mouse knee joint following non-invasive ACL injury affects PTOA progression. DESIGN: In this study, 187 mice were subjected to non-invasive ACL injury or no injury. After injury, mice underwent restabilization surgery, sham surgery, or no surgery. Mice were then euthanized on day 14 or day 49 after injury/surgery. Functional analyses were performed at multiple time points to assess voluntary movement, gait, and pain. Knees were analyzed ex vivo with micro-computed tomography, RT-PCR, and whole-joint histology to assess articular cartilage degeneration, synovitis, and osteophyte formation. RESULTS: Both ACL injury and surgery resulted in loss of epiphyseal trabecular bone (-27-32%) and reduced voluntary movement at early time points. Joint restabilization successfully lowered OA score (-78% relative to injured at day 14, p<0.0001), and synovitis scores (-37% relative to injured at day 14, p=0.042), and diminished the formation of chondrophytes/osteophytes (-97% relative to injured at day 14, p<0.001, -78% at day 49, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that surgical knee restabilization was effective at reducing articular cartilage degeneration and diminishing chondrophyte/osteophyte formation after ACL injury in mice, suggesting that these processes are largely driven by joint instability in this mouse model. However, restabilization was not able to mitigate the early inflammatory response and the loss of epiphyseal trabecular bone, indicating that these processes are independent of joint instability.
Fusarium pseudograminearum is an important plant pathogen that invades many crops (Zhang et al. 2018). Since it was first discovered in Australia in 1951, F. pseudograminearum has been reported in many countries and regions and caused huge economic losses (Burgess et al. 2001). In 2012, crown rot of wheat caused by F. pseudograminearum was discovered for the first time in Henan Province, China (Li et al. 2012). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important food crops in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), with 1.07 million hectares cultivated in 2020. In June 2023, a survey of crown rot disease was carried out in winter wheat cv. Xindong 20 in Hotan area, XUAR, China (80.148907°E, 37.051474°N). About 5% of wheat plants showed symptoms of crown rot such as browning of the stem base and white head. The disease was observed in 85% of wheat fields. In order to identify the pathogens, 36 pieces of diseased stem basal tissue, 0.5 cm in length, were collected and sterilized with 75% alcohol for 30s and 5% NaOCl solution for 2 min, then rinsed three times with sterile water and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 25°C. A total of 27 isolates with consistent morphological characteristics were obtained using single-spore technique (Leslie and Summerell. 2006), and the isolation rate was 75%. The isolates grew rapidly on PDA, produced large numbers of fluffy white hyphae, and pink pigment accumulated in the medium. The isolates were grown on 2% mung bean flour medium and identified by morphological and molecular methods. Macroconidia were abundant, relatively slender, curved to almost straight, commonly two to seven septate, and averaged 22 to 72 × 1.8 to 4.9 µm. Microconidia were not observed. The morphological characters are consistent with Fusarium (Aoki and O'Donnell. 1999). Two isolates (LP-1 and LP-3) were selected for molecular identification. Primers EF1/EF2 (5'-ATGGGTAAGGARGACAAGAC-3'/5'-GGARGTACCAGTSATCATG-3') were used to amplify a portion of the EF-1α gene (O'Donnell et al. 1998). The two 696 bp PCR products were sequenced and submitted to GenBank. The EF-1α gene sequences (GenBank Accession No: PP062794 and PP062795) shared 99.9% identity (695/696) with published F.pseudograminearum sequences (e.g., OP105187, OP105184, OP105179, OP105173). The identification was further confirmed by F. pseudograminearum species-specific PCR primers Fp1-1/Fp1-2 (Aoki and O'Donnell. 1999). The expected PCR products of 518 bp were produced only in F. pseudograminearum. Pathogenicity tests of LP-1 and LP-3 isolates were performed on 7-day-old seedlings of winter wheat cv. Xindong 20 using the drip inoculation method with a 10-µl of a 106 macroconidia ml-1 suspension near the stem base (Xu et al. 2017). The experiment was repeated five times in a 20 to 25°C greenhouse. Control seedlings were treated with sterile water. After 4 weeks, wheat seedling death and crown browning occurred in the inoculated plants with over 90% incidence. No symptoms were observed in the control plants. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated plants by the method described above and identified by morphological and PCR amplification using F. pseudograminearum species-specific primers Fp1-1/Fp1-2. No F. pseudograminearum was isolated from the control plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. pseudograminearum causing crown rot of winter wheat in XUAR of China. Since F. pseudograminearum can cause great damage to wheat, one of the most important food crops in China, necessary measures should be taken to prevent the spread of F. pseudograminearum to other regions.
Three p-terphenyl metabolites (1-3), three indole-diterpenoids (4-6), an herbicide sesquiterpene (7), a flavonoid (8), and five other small molecules containing nitrogen (9-13) were isolated from the medicinal insect (Periplaneta americana)-derived endophytic Aspergillus taichungensis SMU01. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical computational methods. Biological activity of these isolates in the differentiation of mouse CD4+ T cell subsets was evaluated. Importantly, metabolites 2 targeting JAK-STAT signaling pathway could hold potential benefits in maintaining peripheral immune homeostasis and alleviating the progression of autoimmune diseases.
Antennas that can operate across multiple communication standards have remained a challenge. To address these limitations, we propose a Field-Programmable Radio Frequency Surface (FPRFS), which is based on manipulating current flow on its surface to achieve desirable RF characteristics. In this work, we demonstrate that substantial enhancements in radiation efficiency can be achieved while preserving the high reconfigurability of antenna structures implemented on the FPRFS. This is accomplished by utilizing an asymmetric excitation, directing the excitation to the low-loss contiguous surface, and dynamically manipulating the imaged return current on a segmented ground plane by switches. This important insight allows for adaptable antenna performance that weakly depends on the number of RF switches or their loss. We experimentally validate that FPRFS antennas can achieve efficiencies comparable to traditionally implemented antenna counterparts. This permits the FPRFS to be effectively utilized as a productive antenna and impedance-matching network with real-time reconfigurability.
BACKGROUND: The sirtuin family is well recognized for its crucial involvement in various cellular processes. Nevertheless, studies on its role in the human endometrium are limited. This study aimed to explore the expression and localization of the sirtuin family in the human endometrium, focusing on sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and its potential role in the oxidative imbalance of the endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Endometrial specimens were collected from both patients with PCOS and controls undergoing hysteroscopy at the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, from July to August 2015 and used for cell culture. The protective effects of SIRT3 were investigated, and the mechanism of SIRT3 in improving endometrial receptivity of patients with PCOS was determined using various techniques, including cellular bioenergetic analysis, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) silencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: The sirtuin family was widely expressed in the human endometrium, with SIRT3 showing a significant increase in expression in patients with PCOS compared with controls (P <0.05), as confirmed by protein and gene assays. Concurrently, endometrial antioxidant levels were elevated, while mitochondrial respiratory capacity was reduced, in patients with PCOS (P <0.05). An endometrial oxidative stress (OS) model revealed that the downregulation of SIRT3 impaired the growth and proliferation status of endometrial cells and reduced their receptivity to day 4 mouse embryos. The results suggested that SIRT3 might be crucial in maintaining normal cellular state by regulating antioxidants, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, thereby contributing to enhanced endometrial receptivity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings proposed a significant role of SIRT3 in improving endometrial receptivity in patients with PCOS by alleviating OS and regulating the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, SIRT3 could be a promising target for predicting and improving endometrial receptivity in this patient population.
Membrane breakage can lead to filtration failure, which allows harmful substances to enter the effluent, posing potential hazards to human health and the environment. This study is an innovative combination of fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to identify membrane breakage. It aims to unravel more comprehensive information, improve detection sensitivity and selectivity, and enable real-time monitoring capabilities. Fluorescence and UV-Vis data are extracted through variance partitioning analysis (VPA) and integrated through a decision tree algorithm to form a superior system with enhanced discrimination capabilities. VPA improves discrimination efficiency by extracting key information from spectral data and eliminating redundancy. The decision tree algorithm, on the other hand, can process large amounts of data simultaneously. In addition, the method has a wide range of applications and can be used in various scenarios accurately. The scenarios include domestic sewage, micropollutant water, aquaculture wastewater, and secondary treated sewage. The experimental results validate the application of machine learning classifiers in membrane breakage detection with an accuracy rate of 96.8 % to 97.4 %.
The complexity, heterogeneity, and drug resistance of diseases necessitate a shift in therapeutic paradigms from monotherapy to combination therapy, which could augment treatment efficiency. Effective treatment of advanced osteoarthritis (OA) requires addressing three key factors contributing to its deterioration: chronic joint inflammation, lubrication dysfunction, and cartilage-tissue degradation. Herein, we present a supramolecular nanomedicine of multifunctionality via molecular recognition and self-assembly. The employed macrocyclic carrier, zwitterion-modified cavitand (CV-2), not only accurately loads various drugs but also functions as a therapeutic agent with lubricating properties for the treatment of OA. Kartogenin (KGN), a drug for articular cartilage regeneration and protection, and flurbiprofen (FP), an anti-inflammatory agent, were coloaded onto CV-2 assembly, forming a supramolecular nanomedicine KGN&FP@CV-2. The three-in-one combination therapy of KGN&FP@CV-2 addresses the three pathological features for treating OA collectively, and thus provides long-term therapeutic benefits for OA through sustained drug release and intrinsic lubrication in vivo. The multifunctional integration of macrocyclic delivery and therapeutics provides a simple, flexible, and universal platform for the synergistic treatment of diseases involving multiple drugs.
PEMWE is considered a promising technology for coupling with renewable energy sources to achieve clean hydrogen production. However, constrained by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic OER and the acidic abominable environment render the grand challenges in developing the active and stable OER electrocatalyst, leading to low efficiency of PEMWE. Herein, we develop the rutile-type IrO2 nanoparticles with abundant grain boundaries and the continuous nanostructure through the joule heating and sacrificial template method. DFT calculations verified that grain boundaries can modulate the electronic structure of Ir sites and optimize the adsorption of oxygen intermediates, resulting in the accelerated kinetics. The 350-IrO2 affords a rapid OER process with 20 times higher mass activity (0.61 A mgIr-1) than the commercial IrO2 at 1.50 V vs. RHE. Benefiting from the reduced overpotential and the preservation of the stable rutile structure, 350-IrO2 exhibits the stability of 200 h test at 10 mA cm-2 with only trace decay of 11.8 mV. Moreover, the assembled PEMWE with anode 350-IrO2 catalyst outputs the current density up to 2 A cm-2 with only 1.84 V applied voltage, long-term operation for 100 h without obvious performance degradation at 1 A cm-2.
Electrical double-layer transistors (EDLTs) have received extensive research attention owing to their exciting advantages of low working voltage, high biocompatibility, and sensitive interfacial properties in ultrasensitive portable sensing applications. Therefore, it is of great interest to reduce photodetectors' operating voltage and power consumption by utilizing photo-EDLT. In this study, a series of block copolymers (BCPs) of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (P4VP-b-PEO) with different compositions were applied to formulate polyelectrolyte with indigo carmine salt in EDLT. Accordingly, PEO conduces ion conduction in the BCP electrolyte and enhances the carrier transport capability in the semiconducting channel; P4VP boosts the photocurrent by providing charge-trapping sites during light illumination. In addition, the severe aggregation of PEO is mitigated by forming a BCP structure with P4VP, enhancing the stability and photoresponse of the photo-EDLT. By optimizing the BCP composition, EDLT comprising P4VP16k-b-PEO5k and indigo carmine provides the highest specific detectivity of 2.1 × 107 Jones, along with ultralow power consumptions of 0.59 nW under 450 nm light illumination and 0.32 pW under dark state. The results indicate that photo-EDLT comprising the BCP electrolyte is a practical approach to reducing phototransistors' operating voltage and power consumption.
BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most commonly seen cancer in the US, and patients with OC are commonly diagnosed in the advanced stage. Research into the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of OC is becoming increasingly urgent. In our study, we worked to discover the role of TRIM44 in OC development. OBJECTIVE: This study explored whether the overexpression of TRIM44 mediates the NF-kB pathway to promote the progression of OC. METHODS: A TRIM44 overexpression model was constructed in SKOV3 cells, and the proliferation ability of the cells was detected using the CCK-8 assay. The migration healing ability of cells was detected using cell scratch assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected using Transwell nesting. TUNEL was applied to detect apoptosis, and ELISA and western blot were used to detect the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway proteins. The pathological changes of the tumor tissues were observed using HE staining in a mouse ovarian cancer xenograft model. Immunofluorescence double staining, RT-PCR, and western blot were used to determine the expression of relevant factors in tumour tissues. RESULTS: TRIM44 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKOV3 cells in vitro and inhibited apoptosis while enhancing the growth of tumours in vivo. TRIM44 regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: TRIM44 overexpression can regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the progression of OC, and TRIM44 may be a potential therapeutic target for OC.
The newly emerging liquid metal flexible electronics are gaining increasing applications over the world due to their outstanding adaptability and printability. Here, we proposed a generalized purpose thermo-activated hybrid transfer printing method for the rapid fabrication of multifunctional soft electronics, which can significantly reduce the difficulty facing existing technologies. This printing involves two delivery and deposition processes of liquid metals and the allied inks (toners) based on their adhesion selection mechanisms. Through developing office supplies, the laser printer could directly print toner masks on soft substrates, such as polydimethylsiloxane film. The heating plate was applied to remove the toner sacrificial mask after rolling liquid metal inks, resulting in retaining the liquid metal circuits on the target substrate. For illustration, diverse materials and inks are adapted to the strategy of constructing flexible electronics. Particularly, colorful circuits, flexible heaters, transparent circuitry, and soft programmable light-emitting diode array displays with multilayer circuits have been fabricated and tested. This general and easily accessible method allows for the rapid acquisition of user-designed soft electronics and is expected to promote the widespread use of flexible electronics in e-skin, sensing, displays, etc.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in lupus nephritis (LN) patients using tubulointerstitial lesion scores. METHODS: Clinical profiles and histopathological presentations of 151 biopsy-proven LN patients were retrospectively examined. Risk factors of ESKD based on characteristics and scoring of their tubulointerstitial lesions (e.g. interstitial inflammation [II], tubular atrophy [TA], and interstitial fibrosis [IF]) were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of 151 LN patients was 36 years old, and 136 (90.1%) were female. The LN cases examined included: class I/II (n = 3, 2%), class III/IV (n = 119, 78.8%), class V (n = 23, 15.2%), and class VI (n = 6, 4.0%). The mean serum creatinine level was 1.4 mg/dl. Tubulointerstitial lesions were recorded in 120 (79.5%) patients. Prior to receiving renal biopsy, 9 (6.0%) patients developed ESKD. During the follow-up period (mean, 58 months), an additional 47 patients (31.1%) progressed to ESKD. Multivariate analyses identified serum creatinine (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-2.03, p < 0.001) and IF (HR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.58-6.49, p = 0.001) as independent risk factors of ESKD. Kaplan-Meier analysis further confirmed a heightened risk of ESKD associated with IF. CONCLUSION: Tubulointerstitial involvement is commonly observed in histopathological presentation of LN. However, IF, rather than II, or TA, was found to increase the risk of ESKD in our cohort. Therefore, to predict renal outcome in LN patients prior to adjusting immunosuppressive treatment, degree of IF should be reviewed.
The functional alterations of proteins and nucleic acids mainly rely on their modifications. ADP-ribosylation is a NAD+-dependent modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. This modification is broadly categorized as Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). MARylation catalyzed by mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferases (MARTs) is more common in cells and the number of MARTs is much larger than poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferases. Unlike PARylation is well-characterized, research on MARylation is at the starting stage. However, growing evidence demonstrate the cellular functions of MARylation, supporting its potential roles in human health and diseases. In this review, we outlined MARylation-associated proteins including MARTs, the ADP-ribosyl hydrolyses and ADP-ribose binding domains. We summarized up-to-date findings about MARylation onto newly identified substrates including protein, DNA and RNA, and focused on the functions of these reactions in pathophysiological conditions as well as speculated the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, new strategies of MARylation detection and the current state of MARTs inhibitors were discussed. We also provided an outlook for future study, aiming to revealing the unknown biological properties of MARylation and its relevant mechanisms, and establish a novel therapeutic perspective in human diseases.
In view of the problems in which the solid content of drilling fluid increases in the middle and late stages of horizontal well drilling, the lubricity of mud cakes on the borehole wall decreases, and the friction of pipe string increases due to the gradual thickening of mud cakes, which leads to the sticking and the obvious decrease of cementing strength at the second interface, a mud cake improver Mul-GX with lubrication and interface enhancement effect was studied in this paper. Based on the hydration and filling mechanism, the lubricity of the mud cake was improved, its thickness was reduced, and its strength was improved through synergistic effects of solvated water film lubrication and buffering, hardening and crystallization of gelled substances, and filling and dispersion of elastic particles. The mud cake improver Mul-GX is composed of the metasilicate GX-ZQ, polymer copolymer GX-JB, and polymer GX-TX, and the mass ratio of each component was GX-ZQ: GX-JB: GX-TX = 15:1:0.5. The effect of Mul-GX was evaluated through the performance determination of the mud cake and interface cementing simulation experiments. In addition, the microscopic characterization by SEM and XRD were carried out to analyze the mechanism of Mul-GX. The experimental results showed that when Mul-GX was added to the water-based drilling fluid with the 1.0%-1.5% adding quantity, the mud cake lubricity improved by more than 60%, its thickness reduced by 53.9% on average, and its strength increased by 54.3% on average. At the same adding quantity, the interfacial bonding strength was 4.4 times more than the data before adding Mul-GX. All of the results showed that Mul-GX has obvious mud cake lubrication effect and interface enhancement effect.
Purpose: The patterns and risk factors of postsurgical recurrence of patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with microvascular invasion (MVI) are not clarified. This study aimed to decipher and compare the postoperative recurrent patterns and the risk factors contributing to recurrence between MVI positive (MVI(+)) and MVI negative (MVI(-)) HCC after hepatectomy. Patients and methods: Patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy in three Chinese academic hospitals between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, were enrolled. Recurrent patterns included early (≤2 years) or late (>2 years) recurrence, recurrent sites and number, and risk factors of recurrence were compared between the MVI(+)and MVI(-) groups by propensity score-matching (PSM). Results: Of 1756 patients included, 581 (33.1%) were MVI(+), and 875 (49.8%) patients developed early recurrence. Compared with the MVI(-) group, the MVI(+) group had a higher 2-year recurrence rate in the PSM cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.10; P < 0.001), and more patients with multiple tumor recurrence. Patients with early recurrence in the MVI(+) group had a worse overall survival (OS) than those in the MVI(-) group (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50; P = 0.034). Resection margin (RM) ≤1.0 cm is a surgical predictor of early recurrence for the MVI(+) group (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.87; P = 0.002), but not for the MVI(-) group. Conclusion: Compared to MVI(-) HCC, MVI(+) HCC tends to be early, multiple recurrence and lung and lymph node metastasis after resection. RM ≤1.0 cm is a surgical risk factor of early recurrence for patient with MVI.
